6.) Evaluate two models of memory (Levels of Processing and the Muti-Store Model)
Both models of memory have a very similar structure and only subtle differences, but all of the information is simple, so this question should be a gift from Fate.
The first is the Multi-store Model of memory:
- It's an afterimage perceived by the body
- Rehearsal ---> leads to long-term memory
- Interference & memory decay contributes to its distortion
- Limited info capacity
- Familiarity is actually stored in long-term memory
*Side-note/separate section - Baddeley sees STM as the first step of what is called "working memory",
- Retains information over a long period of time
- Forgetting is simply the inability to retrieve information from LTM
- Flashbulb memories ---> usually vivid memories
Strengths of Multi-store Model of memory
Weaknesses of the Multi-store Model of memory
The second model of memory is the Levels of Processing model
Strengths of Levels of Processing Model
Weaknesses of Levels of Processing Model
The first is the Multi-store Model of memory:
- Information passes through two temporary storage buffers - sensory and short-term store - before being placed in long-term memory storage
- First, info is received into the sensory memory
- It's an afterimage perceived by the body
- Second comes Short Term Memory (STM) - short and limited storage
- Rehearsal ---> leads to long-term memory
- Interference & memory decay contributes to its distortion
- Limited info capacity
- Familiarity is actually stored in long-term memory
*Side-note/separate section - Baddeley sees STM as the first step of what is called "working memory",
- STM - Phonological rehearsal loop
- Visuospatial sketchpad - lets ppl retain and manipulate visual images
- Exe. control system - control of attention
- Episodic buffer - limited capacity storage, integration b/w working memory and long-term memory
- Third is Long-Term Memory (LTM) - long retention and unlimited storage
- Retains information over a long period of time
- Forgetting is simply the inability to retrieve information from LTM
- Flashbulb memories ---> usually vivid memories
Strengths of Multi-store Model of memory
- Has memory studies/evidence to support the distinction made b/w STM and LTM
- It is an influential model that has inspire much new memory research
- Supported by studies of amnesiacs (those afflicted with amnesia who have difficulty recalling or retaining memory)
Weaknesses of the Multi-store Model of memory
- This model is oversimplified
- Rehearsal is not essential in transferring STM to LTM
The second model of memory is the Levels of Processing model
- It emphasizes the actual storage process, not the structure like the Multi-store model
- First is Shallow processing - aka structural encoding - no comprehension yet (like sensory memory)
- Second is Intermediate processing - aka phonemic encoding - know the meaning of info (like STM)
- Third is Deep processing - aka semantic encoding - know the meaning of verbal input (like LTM)
Strengths of Levels of Processing Model
- Explanation of deep processing as lasting longer over time helps enrich the model's presentation
- Schemas/connections help with recollection
- It expands the LTM into different processes that help with recall
- It has validity through repeated replication by numerous scientists
Weaknesses of Levels of Processing Model
- There is no clear distinction between intermediate and deep processing
- Also no measurement for the boundary between intermediate and deep processing
- No reason presented as to why deep memory is more beneficial to have
- Vague, lack of elaboration
- Processing time isn't a reliable index for memory
- Says that deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes, not just repetition